MAC address FF:FF:FF

Locally Administered Address (LAA) LOCAL ADMINISTRATION MULTICAST

No assignment is found for this MAC: ff:ff:ff. Its U/L bit marks it as locally administered; this alone does not show whether it was randomized.

Locally Administered Addresses (LAA)

A locally administered address was assigned locally rather than by the IEEE: the second-least-significant bit of its first octet is 1, which makes the second hexadecimal digit of a unicast address a 2, 6, A or E, or 3, 7, B or F for a multicast address. MAC randomization and manually assigned addresses both produce this form.

Why Wi-Fi Randomization Does Not Apply

Wi-Fi MAC randomization uses unicast addresses to identify a device on a network. This address is multicast (I/G = 1), so it is not a typical per-device randomized MAC. Its U/L bit shows local administration, but does not establish how the address was created.

Octet 0: U/L and I/G Bit Analysis

First Octet: 0xFF = 11111111₂
BIT 7 (MSB) ← OCTET 0 (FIRST BYTE) → BIT 0 (LSB)
b7 1 b7
b6 1 b6
b5 1 b5
b4 1 b4
b3 1 b3
b2 1 b2
U/L 1 Bit 1
I/G 1 Bit 0
1
Bit 1 (U/L) = 1 → Locally Administered (LAA)

Can result from manual configuration, virtualization or randomization.

1
Bit 0 (I/G) = 1 → Multicast

Group broadcast transmission.

U/L and I/G indicate different properties. U/L = 1 means locally administered, not necessarily randomized. I/G = 1 means multicast; this is not a typical per-device Wi-Fi randomized MAC.
# Why Unicast Randomized MACs Can Have 2, 6, A, E as Second Digit

For a locally administered unicast address, bit 1 (U/L) is 1 and bit 0 (I/G) is 0. Together they make the first octet's lower nibble end in binary ..10, so its second hexadecimal digit can be 2, 6, A, or E.

In this example, the first octet is 0xFF (11111111₂). It ends in ..11 because both U/L and I/G are 1: the address is locally administered and multicast, which explains the second hexadecimal digit F.

In x2, x is any hexadecimal digit in the first position of the first octet. Subscripts show number bases: ₂ is binary, ₁₀ is decimal, and ₁₆ is hexadecimal. For example, 1010₂ = 10₁₀ = A₁₆.

x2
0010₂ = 2₁₀ = 2₁₆
x6
0110₂ = 6₁₀ = 6₁₆
xA
1010₂ = 10₁₀ (A₁₆)
xE
1110₂ = 14₁₀ (E₁₆)